Acceleration of the curing of surface covering materials



Patented Aug. 12, 1941 Signor to American:

rani m-G nera ly York, N. Y.,acor poration pgMaine l r Kpplication November 1939, r i

" Serial No. 306,899 also This invention relates to the' acceleration of the rate of curing or seasoning of surface cov ering compositionss uch as floor'coveri'ng compositions containing siccative binders, as well as to 'the -improvement in'the alkali resistance of such compositions.- I v object oi? this invention is to provide ac-' celerators for surface covering [compositions containing siccative binders 'w hich will cause such compositions to 'cure more* rapidly. Another object of this invention is to improve the alkali resistance of surface covering compositions'co'ntaining siccative-binders', 3

These and other objects fare'attained by incorporating in a si ccativecomposition which is to be'used in a iioor'covering composition, or other surface covering composition,aguanidinesalt. i

The following examplesare givenby way'of illustration and not in limitation.

These substances with or withouta small proportion of drier; e. g; 0.1% cobalt naphthenate; are mixed together,- e. g. in' an internal mixer. The compacted mass Whichis delivered from-the mixer may be disintegrated, as by a setof scratch rolls which c mpri es a plurality 'of rolls" having intermeshlng "teeth projecting from their surfaces. The resulting material is sheeted on calender rolls or optionally itmay-bejfurther mixed and distintegrated and then calendered. The material may' bs calende'red" ont o burlap or other fibrousb acking if desired. The

sheeted materialisfplac'ed "m n: 'stoving oven through which a' curr'ent of heated air from about 70 C. to about 90 C. is circulated until the material is completely seasoned, i.- e. until the sheet acquires the necessary degree of hardness.

The hardness may be measured by any of the methods generally employed in the manufacture of linoleum. See the Federal Stock Catalogue (U. S. Government Printing Ofiice), section 4, part 5, pages LLL-L-351 et seq. and pages LLL-L-361 et seq., for the method employed herein. The time required for seasoning a 2 mm. sheet of the above composition is about seven to eight days. The resulting seasoned" floor covering shows improved alkali resistance.

One rnethod :of determining alkali resistance is tomeasure the depth in millimeters to which a 5% solution of sodium hydroxide in water penetrates in one hour at a temperature of 70 F. By

this method' the alkali resistance of the seasoned sheets is about 0.21 mm. penetration.

"Theseasoning speed of a 2 mm. sheet of the same mixture which does not contain guani dine carbonate is about twelve to fourteen days and. the alkali resistancer of such a composition is about 0.28 mm, The marked improvementobtained with my composition is outstanding inasmuch "as Ihave found it to be very diiiicult to improve the-alkali resistance by evenas little These substances may be mixed and sheeted in the same general. manner as the-procedure set iorthin Example l. The resulting floor coveringsheetsfseasoni or. mature'in about. five daysand the seasoned sheets have an alkali resistance oi about 0.24 mm. as compared with a se asoning speedof twelve to fourteen days and an] alkali resistance of about 0.28 mm. characteristicjtofflsimilar compositions which vomit guanidine carbonate,

Thiscomposition may be mixed and sheeted according to the procedure of Example 1. The sheeted composition seasons in about seven to eight days and has an alkali resistance of about 0.19 mm.

If these substances be mixed and sheeted according to the method described in Example 1,

seed oil is preferable for economic reasons but other siccative oils may be used such as, for ex-, ample, menhaden or fish oil, tung oil, ;so ybea n oil, perilla oil, oiticica oil, Scheiber oil, sunflower seed oil, etc. The term siccative oil---'a .s--used herein is intended to include not-only the. so called drying oils but also the so-called semi-d'rying oils. Furthermore it is possible to use mixcobalt, lead, manganese, zinc, and chromium. Only a small proportion of these driers based on the siccative oil content, is generally sufiicient, e. g. about 0.005-1%, although larger proportions may be used as expedient. Obviously various mixtures of driers may be used.

'Ihe term seasoning as applied to linoleum compositions indicates the process of curing by heating or equivalent treatment to polymerize and/or oxidize the composition to a stage wherein the floor covering is sufficiently hard and resistant to abrasion to be suitable for its intended purpose and yet is still sufiiciently flexible to pertuers of siccative oils with other fatty oils of the 1 non-drying type.

It may be preferable in the manufacture of linoleum to make use.of;so,-calledj ffscrim:oi l or Shed oil either alone; or fluxed-with rosin or othergums or resins and/onmixed with a pro-. portion of the so-called mechanicaloilf. Either of these types of one maybe used. singly, if de-- sired.

In the. preparation of the siccative ioilbinders it is customary t use rosin inv admixture with the oil although other.substances of .the; same,- type may be used. e. .g., kauri gum; Congogum,

ester m, abi' a i a i e te rpimaric id,

etc.,

Other siccative binders which used are the alkyd resins which v have. siccative properties.

Among these, the drying oil modified, fiacl ion,

products of maleic qr fu maric acid with terpenes and polyhydric' alcohols are particularly desirable. other al y res ns wh h are q fiecl;

with dry n oil mayb usedrsueh the ph h e lyceride. res ns... h e y ol-malei r sins, and m xe resins .sush. a... he. ph l ali r; u na ce lycol:gl c r der sins...;. 1. .1...

Instead of. wood flour and/or thewhiting and lithopone used in, the examples, other 'fille'rs' or pigments may be used. Examples of such fillers are: cork,'cellu1os e pulp; asbestos, {cottonwood tree pulp,'wa1n ut' shell meal, glass fibers, *foliated added .to the. binder durin theoxid t on R QQ-J ess and if desirable. additi nal d iermay. 1 @Qdfi w en the bind fillers, etc are mixsdtqssthen Suitable driersinclude the ,oil soluble salts such, as the naphthenates, resinates, and linoleates. of

-rnit -the usual bending and rolling required of "linoleum. The term maturing is similarly used.

7 Other accelerators which may be used include guanidine acetate, guanidine sulfate, guanidine stearate, etc.

I'have found that only a small proportion of these accelerators is generally sufficient, e. g.

V 0.1-5 of the siccative composition but obviously smaller or larger proportions may be used if desirable, particularly when high molecular weight compounds (e. g. guanidine stearate) are used.

My accelerators are preferably added during the mixing of the binder with the fillers, etc., although they may be added before or during the oxidation of the binder. If my accelerators are added before or during the oxidation they appear to inhibit somewhat the gelatin of the siccative binder. It is to be noted, however, that after gelatin my accelerators speed up the curing of the siccative composition.

. Obviouslymany modifications in the processes and compositions described above may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Iclaim: n.

1. In a process'of curing a surface covering composition including a siccative material selected from the group consisting of drying oils and; drying oil modified polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic acid resins, the step which comprises adding to such a composition a guanidine salt.

2. In aprocess-of curing-a surface covering composition including a siccative material selected from the group consisting of drying oils andedrying oil modified polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic'acid resins, the step which comprises adding to such a composition guanidine carbonatep ,.3.-In a process of curing a surface covering composition containing a siccative oil binder, the step which comprises adding to such a composition guanidine nitrate.

v4 .'In .a process of curing a surface covering com-position containing a siccative alkyd resin binder the step which comprises adding to such a composition guanidine nitrate.

s I I WALTER, W. DURANT. 

